Abstract: Three G7 countries (USA, UK, and Canada) and three Asian little Dragons (Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore were compared on demographic variables, TIMSS achievement, teacher’ and students’ behaviours relevant to mathematics learning. The Asian countries spent more on education and outperformed the European countries in the TIMSS test as a whole and the various sub-tests which are highly correlated among themselves, except in Geometry were no difference is found. There is a very high correlation between TIMSS achievement and item-curriculum match analysis. Asian teachers spent more time on out-of-class coaching, taught larger classes, but did less practice of computation in their lessons. Less Asian students possessed the three specified educational aids but more spent time doing homework. They did not think having time to have fun important and believed their mother and friends held the same view. These variables correlate significantly with TIMSS performance.