Popularity of different programming languages:

https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/

https://www.benfrederickson.com/ranking-programming-languages-by-github-users/

https://www.techrepublic.com/article/which-is-the-fastest-growing-programming-language-hint-its-not-javascript/

A good website for making cross language comparisons:

The guy http://sandbox.mc.edu/~bennet/

Python examples http://sandbox.mc.edu/~bennet/python/code/index.html

C examples http://sandbox.mc.edu/~bennet/cs220/codeex/

Ruby examples http://sandbox.mc.edu/~bennet/ruby/code/index.html

Another site which is good for Java:

The guy https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~scottm/

Java examples https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~scottm/cs307/codingSamples.htm

Python graphics:

http://anh.cs.luc.edu/handsonPythonTutorial/graphics.html

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15886455/simple-graphics-for-python

http://programarcadegames.com/index.php?chapter=introduction_to_graphics

Ruby graphics:

Overview https://www.ruby-toolbox.com/categories/game_libraries

Gosu https://www.libgosu.org/ Rubygame http://rubygame.org/ Ruby 2D http://www.ruby2d.com/

C graphics:

Basic Graphic Programming in C++ - GeeksforGeeks

Draw a line in C++ graphics - GeeksforGeeks

Java graphics:

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/java/J4b_CustomGraphics.html

http://greenteapress.com/thinkjava6/html/thinkjava6017.html

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/2d/basic2d/index.html